Flap surgery involves separating a portion of the gum tissue from the underlying structures to provide clear visibility and direct access to the bone and root surface. When conventional methods like scaling and root planning prove insufficient in managing gum disease, flap surgery becomes essential for restoring oral health. Untreated gum disease can severely compromise the supportive structures of the teeth, potentially resulting in tooth loss. A periodontist performs flap surgery to halt the advancement of gum disease, effectively addressing its underlying causes and preventing further damage.